Angielski PR — Maj 2018

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie trzy teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B albo C.

Tekst 1. (transkrypcja nagrania)

Man: Hi! I'm calling to tell you about some holiday arrangements I tried to make. Earlier this week I logged on to the Holiday Home website to rent a room. It works like this: people advertise spare rooms and potential guests contact them through the site to arrange the details. I booked a room or so I thought. Back bounced an email saying I was rejected because the site requires users to verify their online identity. It turned out you need at least 150 Facebook friends. I only have 50! I know that you've got a large audience and I wonder if anybody else has had a similar problem. I may not have a fully developed "online identity" – but that doesn't mean I'm not real! Can you talk about the problem on air? I think it's important.

The man is calling

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie trzy teksty (zob. instrukcja do zadania 1.1). Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B albo C.

Tekst 2. (transkrypcja nagrania)

Man: Is it true that Irish consumers are eating fewer and fewer potatoes? Woman: Well, new figures have revealed this trend and they confirm that it's because of an increasing taste for rice and pasta dishes. Sales of potatoes have decreased by more than 8% during the past year. Caroline Evans, the president of the Potato Council, says retailers should take urgent steps to stop this drop and take a new approach to advertising. She believes that when consumers are shown more options for potato-based products, sales will go up. According to data from Worldpanel, 90% of consumers who were buying fewer potatoes didn't realize they'd reduced their consumption.

Which of the following is stated in the text as an opinion, not a fact?

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie trzy teksty (zob. instrukcja do zadania 1.1). Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B albo C.

Tekst 3. (transkrypcja nagrania)

Woman: And now something about licence agreements. You know they're those walls of text you have to click under to instal any software on your computer. Hardly anyone bothers to read these monotonous lines of terms and conditions. What a mistake! To prove this, one software company included a clause in its licence agreement that promised a financial bonus to anyone who read it. All they had to do was send a note to an e-mail address given there. Four months and 3,000 downloads later, one person finally wrote in and got a check for $1000 proving that it really DOES pay to read the licence agreements! So, let's start reading them. You never know what's inside.

Which is the best headline for the story?

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie cztery wypowiedzi uczestników akcji ekologicznych. Do każdej wypowiedzi (2.1.–2.4.) dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A–E). Wpisz rozwiązania do tabeli. Uwaga: jedno zdanie zostało podane dodatkowo i nie pasuje do żadnej wypowiedzi.

Speaker 1 (transkrypcja nagrania)

Every year we celebrate Earth Day at my school. This time, though, instead of going out to plant trees or pick up litter, we stayed in and had a visitor from the local authorities. He asked everyone to put down their environmental pledges for the next month on the whiteboard. Most of us declared that we would make small changes like "I won't let water run while I brush my teeth," or "I will turn off the lights when I leave a room." Now they are all on the wall of our classroom. Once a week everyone ticks the promises that they have managed to keep. I think it's a great way of motivating yourself to stick to what you have pledged. Why don't you try it?

This speaker

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie cztery wypowiedzi uczestników akcji ekologicznych (zob. instrukcja do zadania 2.1). Do wypowiedzi dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A–E).

Speaker 2 (transkrypcja nagrania)

I was shocked when I read the statistics in a local government bulletin showing that in my town there are thousands of dripping taps that people don't bother to fix. I made some calculations and the next day, after school, I went around my neighbourhood asking people to check their kitchen and bathroom taps. Many of them were indeed leaking! In order to motivate their owners to replace the faulty taps immediately, I provided them with my figures showing how much they could cut their bills annually by stopping water from dripping down the drain. Judging by their reactions, my campaign met with general approval and will bring results soon!

This speaker

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie cztery wypowiedzi uczestników akcji ekologicznych (zob. instrukcja do zadania 2.1). Do wypowiedzi dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A–E).

Speaker 3 (transkrypcja nagrania)

Last summer my friend and I worked as assistants at a day camp for little children. Once we took our group on a hike to see an abandoned mining site. I'd never been there before and when we got to the place, I got scared. I saw an ecological bomb – a big pool of dirty, greasy water with a rusty lamp post sticking out of it. I called the District Council the same day. It turned out that they had no idea that the place existed. I sent them a few pictures asking for immediate action. They answered that they needed to find $1000 to test the water for dangerous chemicals but promised to fence the pool off straightaway.

This speaker

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie cztery wypowiedzi uczestników akcji ekologicznych (zob. instrukcja do zadania 2.1). Do wypowiedzi dopasuj odpowiadające jej zdanie (A–E).

Speaker 4 (transkrypcja nagrania)

I'm a member of an ecology club and I've always been active in recycling. I'm angry that people keep getting new plastic bags instead of reusing the ones they already have at home. So I came up with a project that we carried out last Saturday. We stood outside a supermarket, and before customers went in, we talked to them about the environmental threats caused by plastic bags. The following week we learned from the shop manager that even though they recorded a higher-than-average turnover on Saturday, the number of plastic bags handed to customers in fact dropped by 35%. As you can see, it takes very little to raise people's awareness and encourage them to make choices that are better for the environment.

This speaker

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wywiad na temat High Line, jednego z parków w Nowym Jorku. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią nagrania. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.

Wywiad z Jamesem, architektem parku High Line (transkrypcja nagrania):

Interviewer: Today we're talking to one of the architects involved in designing the High Line, an extremely popular park in New York. James, what makes the park unique? James: The main difference from the other parks in New York is that it is an elevated structure which you can reach using steps, platforms and elevators. With its unexpected twists and turns, it looks very much like a ribbon that winds among high-rise buildings, stretching for more than a mile. The park was created on a former railroad track, which went out of use in 1982, and over the years fell into neglect and became overgrown with weeds and bushes. Many people wanted it demolished, but changing this elevated railroad into a park turned out to be a much better idea in the long run. Now the extraordinary design attracts crowds of visitors, who stroll along and watch the busy life of New York from up there. Interviewer: How did the idea of transforming this neglected space into a park originate? James: Well, when the railroad track fell into ruin, there were plans to pull it down and make room for new offices and residential buildings. But in 1999, two local people, Joshua David and Robert Hammond, came up with an idea for revitalizing the area. They set up the Friends of the High Line organization and started to campaign for the creation of the park. Many people living in this neighbourhood joined in. What followed was a series of disputes and negotiations with sceptical property owners and the city authorities. Friends of the High Line also gained the support of many celebrities, who signed their petition. The organization managed to raise funds, and finally in 2006 the decision was taken by the city mayor. Interviewer: What were the most important aspects for architects to consider while working on this ambitious project? James: There were lots of them. Preserving a slightly old-fashioned quality in an ever-evolving and modernizing city was a challenge we couldn't miss. Obviously, we wanted to give visitors the feeling that they have come across a unique place, a kind of a magic garden. But our primary goal was to ensure safety. We wanted every detail, from the paths and benches to lighting and water features, to make people feel secure and comfortable in this place. Another important task was choosing plants that can survive in this difficult environment. We have very thin soil which gets very hot in summer and freezing cold in winter. That's why we needed to use very hardy and resistant plants and find ways to supply a sufficient amount of water and nutrients to them. The plants have been brought from the prairie or other difficult environments and hopefully they'll survive. Interviewer: Is there something you are particularly proud of? James: There are several things. One of the greatest features is the paving which has open joints, so when it rains the water falls through them and is collected, stored and then absorbed into the flower beds. We can demonstrate that about 85% of all the water that falls on the High Line stays on the High Line. We also hope that with all this greenery there will be some carbon reduction. There's certainly a cooling effect with the shade the plants provide. All the materials are recyclable or come from sustainable sources. Overall, I think it's a very eco-friendly design. Interviewer: Well, thanks a lot, James.

The High Line is different from the other parks in New York because

Na podstawie wywiadu z zadania 3.1. (rozmowa z Jamesem, architektem parku High Line):

The High Line was created thanks to

Na podstawie wywiadu z zadania 3.1. (rozmowa z Jamesem, architektem parku High Line):

The main objective for the architects was to

Na podstawie wywiadu z zadania 3.1. (rozmowa z Jamesem, architektem parku High Line):

The High Line can be considered environmentally friendly because

Na podstawie wywiadu z zadania 3.1. (rozmowa z Jamesem, architektem parku High Line):

In the interview, James talks about

Przeczytaj tekst, który został podzielony na trzy części (A–C) oraz pytania go dotyczące (4.1.–4.4.). Do każdego pytania dopasuj właściwą część tekstu. Wpisz rozwiązania do tabeli. Uwaga: jedna część tekstu pasuje do dwóch pytań.

A SCARY GAME

A. In the depths of a haunted house, something is following you. It's getting closer, you can sense it creeping up behind you. Luckily, you can make the ghosts recede. All you have to do is take control of your emotions. You're in Nevermind, an unusual video game developed by Erin Reynolds. To complete each level, the players have to overcome their fear. If they let stress get the better of them, the screen will get shakier and the feeling of imminent danger will intensify. If they manage to calm down, for instance, by slowing down their breathing, the game will ease up.

B. Reynolds started working on Nevermind when she was in an interactive media master's program at the University of Southern California in 2009. She was fascinated by biofeedback, which is a process based on technology that reads the player's heartbeat, facial expressions or eye movement, and decided to apply it in the game she was developing for her thesis. In order for the game to read physiological responses, the player has to wear a heart rate sensor, which detects the fear or tension that one is feeling at any given moment. In the case of games like this, where emotions come into play, the outcomes are less obvious than in the case of conventional games.

C. There has been a lot of talk in the video game industry about playing games for more than just entertainment. While most horror video games seek to provide just an exciting thrill, Nevermind has greater ambitions. Reynolds and her team are hoping it can be developed as a tool to teach people how to manage anxiety and improve their state of mind. The aim, says Erin, is for players to practise being mindful of their stress level and learn how to stop their fears from taking control in nerve-wracking situations.

(adapted from blogs.smithsonianmag.com)

In which paragraph does the author provide an explanation of a term essential for understanding how the game works?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 4.1. ("A Scary Game", części A–C):

In which paragraph does the author mention ideas for making use of the game in real life?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 4.1. ("A Scary Game", części A–C):

In which paragraph does the author explain how the game adjusts to the players' reactions?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 4.1. ("A Scary Game", części A–C):

In which paragraph does the author refer to a device necessary to monitor the player's anxiety?

Przeczytaj tekst, z którego usunięto cztery zdania. Wpisz w każdą lukę (5.1.–5.4.) literę, którą oznaczono brakujące zdanie (A–E), tak aby otrzymać spójny i logiczny tekst. Uwaga: jedno zdanie zostało podane dodatkowo i nie pasuje do żadnej luki.

ENSURING SAFE OPERATION OF DRONES

The airspace over London is among the most crowded in the world and the soaring popularity of small unmanned drones has added to the congestion. 5.1. _____ If we want to prevent such incidents in the future, stricter enforcement of regulations and better technology are required. The scale of the problem is unknown. Sales of drones in Britain and many other countries are not counted but we know the trend is increasing. America's Federal Aviation Administration reckons consumer sales could grow from 1.9 million in 2016 to as many as 4.3 million by 2020. Close encounters are also on the rise and many of them can potentially be hazardous. Britain's Airprox Board, which is responsible for collecting reports, found 23 near-misses between drones and aircraft between April and November last year. Today no one is sure how much damage a drone could do to a jet airliner. 5.2. _____ What's more, many of them have metal components, including lithium-ion batteries, which can explode if damaged. Rules for operating drones are meant to ensure that collisions do not happen. 5.3. _____ Not complying with these regulations is a criminal offence. However, rules alone will not stop accidents. Stricter control is necessary. In America, recreational users are required to register their drones online and are given an identification number for their craft. Failure to register could mean a fine of up to $250,000. Schemes to help identify drone operators are also planned in Europe. Technology can also help keep drones out of trouble. 5.4. _____ Another method is a "virtual tether", which in effect puts a drone on an invisible leash to prevent it from flying too far from its operator.

(adapted from economist.com)

Brakujące zdania: A. In Britain and America drones are not supposed to go higher than 150 metres and should be kept in sight by their operators at all times. B. Those the size of a large insect are probably nothing to worry about, but there are some which can weigh 20 kilos. C. But neither various rules nor the most modern technology will stop those intent on deliberately causing harm. D. Some drone-makers are restricting the speed drones can reach, as well as installing software which programs a drone's GPS to prevent flights near airports or nuclear power stations. E. As a result, there have been many close encounters between drones and planes and one minor collision, thankfully with negligible damage.

Które zdanie (A–E) należy wpisać w lukę 5.1.?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 5.1. ("Ensuring Safe Operation of Drones") oraz zdań A–E podanych w tym zadaniu:

Które zdanie (A–E) należy wpisać w lukę 5.2.?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 5.1. ("Ensuring Safe Operation of Drones") oraz zdań A–E podanych w tym zadaniu:

Które zdanie (A–E) należy wpisać w lukę 5.3.?

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 5.1. ("Ensuring Safe Operation of Drones") oraz zdań A–E podanych w tym zadaniu:

Które zdanie (A–E) należy wpisać w lukę 5.4.?

Przeczytaj dwa teksty na temat podejmowania pracy. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.

Tekst 1.

THE JOB

War was declared at eleven-fifteen and Mary North signed up at noon. She did it hurriedly at lunch, before telegrams came, in case her mother said no. When she reached London, she went straight to the War Office. The ink was still fresh on the map they issued her. She rushed across town to her post, desperate not to miss a minute of the war. Any moment now it would start – this dreaded and wonderful thing – and it could never be won without her. The morning rush matched her mood. In London, thousands of young women were hurrying to their new positions, on orders from Whitehall, and Mary joined gladly the great flow of the willing. The War Office had given no further details, and that was a good sign. They might make her an attaché to a general's staff. It was even rumoured that they needed spies, which was most appealing. Mary stopped a cab and showed her map to the driver. He held it at arm's length and looked at the red cross that marked where she was to report. "This big building, in Hawley Street?" "Yes," said Mary. "It's Hawley Street School, isn't it?" "I shouldn't think so. I'm to report for war work, you see." "Oh. Only I don't know what else it could be around there but the school. The rest is just houses." Mary opened her mouth to argue, then stopped. Because, of course, they didn't have a glittering tower labelled MINISTRY OF WILD INTRIGUE. Naturally they would have her report somewhere insignificant. How silly of me to chatter on like this, she thought. "Right then," she said. "I expect I am to be made a schoolmistress." The man nodded. "Makes sense, doesn't it? Half the schoolmasters in London must be joining up for the war." "Then, let's hope the cane proves effective against the enemy's tanks." Arriving at the school, Mary felt observed. She was careful to adopt the expression of an ordinary young woman for whom the prospect of work as a schoolteacher would be thrilling. This was her first test, after all. She found the headmistress's office and introduced herself. Miss Vine nodded but wouldn't look up from her desk. "North," said Mary again. "Yes, I heard you quite well. You are to take Kestrel Class. Begin with the register. Read it and learn the students' names." "Very good," said Mary. "Have you taught before?" "No," said Mary, "but I can't imagine there's much to it." "Your imagination is not on the syllabus. Be firm, organized, give no liberties, and do not underestimate the importance of the child forming letters properly. As the hand, the mind." Mary felt that the "headmistress" was overdoing it and decided to mention it to the woman's superior, once she discovered who it was. Although in mitigation, the woman's attention to detail was impressive. Here were pots of sharpened pencils, tins of drawing pins and a tidy stack of hymnbooks standing neatly on her desk.

(adapted from Everyone Brave is Forgiven by Chris Cleave)

After her visit to the War Office, Mary

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 6.1. ("The Job"):

During the taxi ride, Mary

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 6.1. ("The Job"):

Miss Vine advised Mary

Przeczytaj drugi tekst na temat podejmowania pracy. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.

Tekst 2.

TO INTERVIEW OR NOT TO INTERVIEW?

A friend of mine once had a curious experience at a job interview. Excited about the possible position, she arrived five minutes early and was immediately ushered into the interview room by the receptionist. Following an amicable discussion with a panel of interviewers, she was offered the job. Afterwards, one of the interviewers remarked how impressed she was that my friend could be so composed after showing up 25 minutes late for the interview. As it turned out, my friend had been told the wrong start time by half an hour. She remained composed because she didn't know she was late. My friend isn't the type of person who would have remained cool if she had known she was late, but the interviewers reached the opposite conclusion. Of course, they could have also concluded that her calmness showed disrespect. Either way, they would have been wrong to draw conclusions about her future performance in her work based on her behaviour at the interview. In this case, the outcome of the interview was beneficial for the applicant. But it doesn't have to end that way. This is a widespread problem. Employers like to use free-form, unstructured interviews to "get to know" a job candidate. Such interviews are also increasingly popular with admissions officers at universities. But, as in my friend's case, interviewers typically form strong but unwarranted impressions. One way to change this is to develop an interview protocol based on a careful analysis of what is being looked for in the candidate. Interviews should be structured so that all candidates receive the same questions, a procedure which makes interviews more reliable and more predictive of job success. The employer should also make sure to include a number of questions which test job-related skills.

(adapted from nytimes.com; theguardian.com)

The author mentions his friend's interview experience to

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 6.4. ("To Interview or Not to Interview?"):

In the last paragraph, we learn

Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.

YOU CAN'T REALLY CRY IN SPACE

You can do some cool things in space. Like sleep in zero gravity, for example. Or eat in zero gravity. But there are plenty of things astronauts can't do because of this weightless environment. One of them is crying. When astronauts are sad or happy, they will never 7.1. _____ by shedding a tear, simply because it is impossible. The astronaut Chris Hadfield explains that tears can 7.2. _____ in space, but it isn't a pleasant experience. A ball of liquid accumulates in the eye, but without gravity, it can't flow downwards like it would on Earth. According to Hadfield, space tears sting. Sad as it would be to 7.3. _____ in space without the ability to cry, we'd miss showering even more. 7.4. _____ a traditional showerhead doesn't work in a weightless environment, the International Space Station has no shower. The poor astronauts just have a spray nozzle and washcloths to clean up with.

(adapted from tested.com)

Luka 7.1.:

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 7.1. ("You Can't Really Cry in Space"):

Luka 7.2.:

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 7.1. ("You Can't Really Cry in Space"):

Luka 7.3.:

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 7.1. ("You Can't Really Cry in Space"):

Luka 7.4.:

Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij każdą lukę (8.1.–8.4.) jednym wyrazem, tak aby powstał spójny i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.

THE FEARFUL OSTRICH – OR SO THE LEGEND GOES

Pliny the Elder, an ancient Roman philosopher, once wrote that the ostrich, being profoundly stupid, sticks its head into the sand at the first sign of danger and considers 8.1. _____________ invisible. Here's the truth about this magnificent, yet infamously ridiculed bird. Ostriches do not bury their heads when faced with danger. Any species that did so would 8.2. _____________ have been able to survive for more than 120 million years. They do, however, stretch their long necks flat on the ground in the hope that potential predators won't spot them. In this position, they can blend in with the terrain. From a 8.3. _____________, their heads look as if they were buried in the sand. Ostriches have many natural defences, including their super speed. Endurance isn't an issue for these birds, either. They can sprint at a brisk 30 miles per hour for a full 10 miles straight, if needed. It is surprising that we think of them 8.4. _____________ timid or fearful.

(adapted from animals.howstuffworks.com)

Wpisz brakujący wyraz w lukę 8.1.

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 8.1. ("The Fearful Ostrich – Or So the Legend Goes"):

Wpisz brakujący wyraz w lukę 8.2.

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 8.1. ("The Fearful Ostrich – Or So the Legend Goes"):

Wpisz brakujący wyraz w lukę 8.3.

Na podstawie tekstu z zadania 8.1. ("The Fearful Ostrich – Or So the Legend Goes"):

Wpisz brakujący wyraz w lukę 8.4.

Wykorzystując wyraz podany drukowanymi literami, uzupełnij zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować sens zdania wyjściowego. W lukę można wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanego fragmentu zdania. Nie zmieniaj formy podanego wyrazu.

The demolition company has destroyed the bridge. PULLED The bridge ______________________________________________________________ by the demolition company.

Wykorzystując wyraz podany drukowanymi literami, uzupełnij zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować sens zdania wyjściowego. W lukę można wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanego fragmentu zdania. Nie zmieniaj formy podanego wyrazu.

She goes swimming every morning regardless of the weather. MATTER She goes swimming every morning ___________________________________________ the weather is like.

Wykorzystując wyraz podany drukowanymi literami, uzupełnij zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować sens zdania wyjściowego. W lukę można wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanego fragmentu zdania. Nie zmieniaj formy podanego wyrazu.

I'm sure the Browns considered their decision to adopt the dog very carefully. MUST The Browns ___________________________________________ their decision to adopt the dog very carefully.

Wykorzystując wyraz podany drukowanymi literami, uzupełnij zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować sens zdania wyjściowego. W lukę można wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanego fragmentu zdania. Nie zmieniaj formy podanego wyrazu.

Parting from his parents was not easy for my nephew. HARD My nephew found ____________________________________________________ from his parents.